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<p>Chapter 1: Off We Go</p><p>1.1 Social Psychology on Speed</p><p>1.2 Information vs. Knowledge </p><p>1.3 Side-Tracking and Manipulation</p><p>1.4 Individual Search and Social Proof</p><p>1.5 Parts and Parcels</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Part 1: How Information Technologies May Amplify Irrational Group
Behavoir </p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Chapter 2: Common Knowledge and Public Space</p><p>2.1 The Day Public Space Sold Out</p><p>2.2 More than the Opposite of Private</p><p>2.3 Public Announcements and Infinite Knowledge</p><p>2.4 Notions of Group Knowledge</p>2.5 Public Space as a Fundamental Informational Structure<p></p><p>2.6 The Social Power of Public Space</p><p>2.7 Techno-Ideological Pickets</p><p>2.8 Public Space and Online Status</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Chapter 3: Pluralistic Ignorance and Bystanders </p><p>3.1 Computer City</p><p>3.2 Today’s Lesson: Pluralistic Ignorance</p><p>3.3 Pluralistic Ignorance and the Bystander Effect</p><p>3.4 The Recipe for Bystander-Effects</p><p>3.5 Cyber Bullying – The Case of Amanda Todd</p><p>3.6 The Frailty of Ignorance</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Chapter 4: Informational Cascades and Lemmings</p>4.1 Air France, Delta Airlines and Terminals<p></p><p>4.2 Amazon and Sex and the City</p><p>4.3 The Nuts And Bolts of Cascades</p><p>4.4 Status Economics</p><p>4.5 A Decisive Piece of Information</p><p>4.6 True Disciples and Disbelievers</p><p>4.7 Infostorms in a Connected World</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Part Ii: Why Free Choice, Markets and Deliberation Cannot Protect Us</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Chapter 5: Choice: Framing Choice</p><p>5.1 "Like" It or Not?</p><p>5.2 Framing Approval</p><p>5.3 Choosing Between Life and Death</p><p>5.4 Framing a Problem</p><p>5.5 Risky Insurance</p>5.6 Fumbles in Frames<p></p><p>5.7 Information in a New Key</p><p>5.8 The Art of Framing Democracy</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Chapter 6: Markets: Choosing Frames </p><p>6.1 The Invisible Hands of Democracy</p><p>6.2 Positive Freedom</p><p>6.3 The Relevance of Self-Determination</p><p>6.4 Political Freedom and Individual Choice</p><p>6.5 Walking the Dog at Night</p><p>6.6 Individual Choice and Climate Negotiations</p><p>6.7 Market Competition and Tour De France</p><p>6.8 Ulysses and the Song of the Sirens</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Chapter 7: Deliberation: Polarized People</p>7.1. Trouble Either Way<p></p><p>7.2 Deliberating to the Extreme</p><p>7.3 Gnomes and People Like Us</p><p>7.4 The Brass Tacks of Polarization</p><p>7.5 I Want To Be Just Like You All</p><p>7.6 Group Polarization and Individual Marginalization</p><p>7.7 I Can’t Read You Online</p><p>7.8 Dissolving Divarication</p><p>7.9 Deliberative Democratic Systems</p><p>7.10 Echo Chambers and Stomping Grounds</p><p>7.11 Deaf, Blind and Mute</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Chapter 8: The Constitutive Games We Play</p><p>8.1 Decision Frames</p><p>8.2 Blood Money</p>8.3 Inferring Micro-Motives from Macro-Behavior<p></p><p>8.4 Riots and Ghettos</p><p>8.5 Why Democracy is not just ‘One Vote’</p><p>8.6 Mistaking Society for a Company</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Part 3: Wars, Bubbles and Democracy</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Chapter 9: Wars</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>9.1 Just Another Day at the Office</p><p>9.2 Quicksand at the Bus Stop</p><p>9.3 The Logic of Death Tolls</p><p>9.4 Taking a Hammering at the Auction</p><p>9.5 A Lemon Market for Apples</p><p>9.6 Zombies in Vegas</p><p>9.7 Escaping the One-Armed Bandit in Afghanistan</p>9.8 In the Pocket of Taliban<p></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Chapter 10: Bubbles</p><p>10.1 Bubble Trouble</p><p>10.2 Bubble Sorts</p><p>10.3 Science Bubbles</p><p>10.4 Status Bubbles</p><p>10.5. Enough About Me, What About You, What Do You Think Of Me?</p><p>10.6 What Is It With "Likes"?</p><p>10.7 Opinion in Excess</p><p>10.8 Opinion on The Market</p><p>10.9 Noise Traders and Noisemakers</p><p>10.10 Bubble-Hospitable Environments</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Chapter 11: Democracy</p><p>11.1 Taking Stock</p><p>11.2 Yesterday’s Democracy</p>11.3 "That's Just Unacceptable!"<p></p><p>11.4 Post-Factual Democracy</p><p>11.5 True Democracy</p><p>11.6 Democracy in the Process</p><p>11.7 Macro- and Micro Control Problems</p><p>11.8 Short Summary</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Part 4: Postscript: The Social Power Of Information Architecture </p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Chapter 12: The Social Powers of Infostorms</p><p>12.1 Iran’s Twitter Revolution</p><p>12.2 The Arab Spring of Infostorms</p><p>12.3 Peep Shows and Revolutions At $9.99</p><p>12.4 The Golden Shield and the Great Wall of Fire</p>12.5 Stabilizing Forces of Quasi-Democracies<p></p><p>12.6 The Western Puzzle of Truth and Information</p><p>12.7 The Gatekeepers of Truth and Information Architects</p><p>









































































































































































































































































</p><p>12.8 The Art and Science of Information Architecture</p>

<p>Vincent
F. Hendricks is Professor of Formal Philosophy at The University of
Copenhagen. He is Director of the Center for Information and Bubble Studies
(CIBS) sponsored by the Carlsberg Foundation and was awarded the <i>Elite Research Prize</i> by the Danish
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation and the <i>Roskilde Festival Elite Research Prize</i> both in 2008. He was
Editor-in-Chief of <i>Synthese: An
International Journal for Epistemology, Methodology and Philosophy of Science</i>
between 2005-2015.</p><p>Pelle
Guldborg Hansen is Behavioral Researcher at Roskilde University;
Director of <i>ISSP</i> — <i>The Initiative of Science, Society &amp;
Policy</i> at Roskilde University and University of Southern Denmark; and
member of the Prevention Council of the Danish Diabetes Association. He also
heads the independent research group iNudgeYou and is chairman of the Danish
Nudging Network and co-founder of TEN — The European Nudge Network.</p>

<p>The information society is upon us. New
technologies have given us back pocket libraries, online discussion forums,
blogs, crowdbased opinion aggregators, social media and breaking news wherever,
whenever. But are we more enlightened and rational because of it?</p>

<p>With points of departure in philosophy, logic,
social psychology, economics, and choice and game theory, Infostorms shows how
information may be used to improve the quality of personal decisions and group
thinking but also warns against the informatonal pitfalls which modern
information technology may amplify: From science to reality culture and what it
really is, that makes you buy a book like this.</p><p>"With this brilliant book, we have been warned. It is up to all of us in the world today to be stewards of the common resource that is trustworthy and relevant information”.</p><p>Adam Brandenburger, Stern School of Business, NYU</p><p>“It is a highly recommended read for social scientists and concerned citizens alike”.<br></p><p>Christian List, London School of Economic</p>

<p>Presents insights from social psychology, behavioral science, game theory, philosophy, logic, and economics</p><p>Terrific explanations with recognisable, humorous, and disconcerting examples of how your opinion is being formed online</p><p>Shows how social media is used to enlighten but also manipulate people, opinions, and markets</p>

<p>"Infostorms uses 78 examples and logic to offer a distinctive perspective on how every day activities combined with public information may manipulate our actions, our opinions, or our choices of what to buy or sell. Their examples illustrate notions ranging from social proof, information cascades, opinion bubbles, pluralistic ignorance, framing and polarization effects, and bystander effects. The pages are full of summaries of experimental studies, anecdotes and simple models that challenge  how we think of information, knowledge, and actions. This book should be read by everyone interested in network formation and researchers interested in decision making behavior." (Robert A. Becker, Professor of Economics, Indiana University, Bloomington, January 2014)</p><p>"Informed fair decision making is not a fixed virtue that a democratic society acquires once and for all, it is a process that constantly needs rethinking and reshaping under changing circumstances. This highly original book brings the latest insights from logic, philosophy, social choice theory, cognitive psychology, and game theory to bear on the vast information streams that drive our lives. Its innovative unified perspective sensitizes the reader to the many informational whirlpools that can make us, and our societies, spin out of control, and it makes us better equipped to cope with them. The result is a showpiece of socially responsible fundamental science." (Johan van Benthem, Professor of Logic and Philosophy, university of Amsterdam &amp; Stanford University, January 2014)</p><p>"Infostorms is a sophisticated and accessible investigation into the crucial information flows that shape and govern so many aspects of our social, economic and political lives. It elegantly manages to select crucial results in a variety of technical fields, from logic to game theory, from economics to psychology, and make them cast new  and much needed light on the infosphere. An interdisciplinary tour de force not to be missed." (Luciano Floridi, OII’s Professor of Philosophy and Ethics of Information, University of Oxford and Fellow of St Cross College, Oxford, January 2014)</p><p>"Modern man doesn’t need more news - he needs better news. And journalists should learn that information is no longer a scarce resource. We all drown in the polluted information surrounding us. What people need is means of navigation, meaning and alignment. Infostorms is a thoughtful, well-written and scary warning to every media organization: Change!" (Ulrik Haagerup, Executive Director of News, Danish Broadcasting Company, January 2014)</p><p>"This is an unusual book with a wonderful collection of social phenomena that involve logical reasoning with important notions such as knowledge, information, and beliefs. I was particularly impressed by the nice balance between intriguing stories, formal analysis, and the insights conveyed by the authors. I am sure that readers will be enlightened by this book." (Fenrong Liu, Professor of Logic, Tsinghua University, Beijing, January 2014)</p><p>"We live in environments that are rich in information, soundbites, and noise. Our highly connected social networks facilitate the transmission of information, but can also contribute to the spread of misinformation and even disinformation. To build strong democracies and flourishing liberal societies, we must understand how our information environments function and what challenges and opportunities they generate.Written by two scholars with a strongly interdisciplinary orientation, this book brings together insights from many different academic fields to shed light on the mechanisms underpinning information flows in society and how we might respond to them. It is a highly recommended read for social scientists and concerned citizens alike." (Christian List, Professor of Political Science and Philosophy, London School of Economics, January 2014)</p><p>"A highly readable book, Infostorms is aimed as much at “students” in the broad sense as those at the university. It is sure to provoke wide-ranging discussions in classrooms. In addition, its themes and examples suggest new research questions. All in all, it is an important contribution to the social sciences for both the academy and the public." (Lawrence S. Moss, Professor of Mathematics, Indiana University Program in Pure and Applied Logic, January 2014)</p><p>"We now make our democratic decisions, as we live our everyday lives, buffeted by gales of purported information that are stronger andmorewayward than any previous generation has had to weather. Drawing on many different disciplines and traditions, Infostorms offers an analysis of these forces that is indispensable for everyone who is invested, as we all should be, in the value and the future of democracy." (Philip Pettit, L.S. Rockefeller University Professor of Politics and Human Values, Princeton University, University Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, Australian National University, January 2014)</p>

GB